Collaborative mathematics learning model for the Covid-19 pandemic era: Middle school students' independent habituation

In principle, the goal of this study is to create a collaborative-based model for managing mathematics learning in the Covid-19 pandemic that is efficient at improving learning output. The specific objectives of the research in this article are to describe (1) collaborative-based learning of mathematics during the Covid-19 pandemic era and (2) independent habituation of junior high school students. The type of this study is research and development. It considers a qualitative ethnographic research design. Math teachers, principals, and students from SMP Negeri 1 Colomadu Karanganyar participated as research subjects. The method of data collection was done by conducting observations and field notes, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique was done inductively. The results of this study are (1) collaborative-based learning of mathematics during the Covid-19 pandemic era, in the paradigm of "students actively construct meaning - teacher as facilitator, students find concepts - teacher facilitates problem solving". That mindset is a change of reflection and action. The management model is carried out in three stages with five provisions. (2) Making students ready to be independent, requiring teachers to be independent, enabling, and building students' abilities, from before to the time of learning. Independent students were based on a strong religion, core character, lifestyle character, respect for others, and the potential to be intelligent, creative, innovative, and entrepreneurial. © 2022 Author(s).

Hydration status and learning concentration of adolescents during online learning in the era of Covid-19 pandemic

Background: It is necessary to keep the learning concentration level of adolescents during learning online at home. Objectives: To assess the relationship between breakfast habits and fluid intake with the hydration status and learning concentration of adolescents in learning online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This was a cohort study. The study population comprised 146 adolescents in a Junior High School, located in Surabaya, chosen using proportional random sampling and simple random sampling techniques. The research instruments were questionnaires, 24 hour food recall surveys, urine colour surveys, and grid concentration tests. The independent variables in this study were breakfast habits and fluid intake, while dependent variables were hydration status and concentration. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and Spearman correlation with α=0.05. Results: When participating in online learning during Covid-19 pandemic, most adolescents had good breakfast habits, adequate fluid intake, good hydration status and good learning concentration levels. Breakfast habits had a positive relationship with learning concentration (p=<0.001;r=0.316), while fluid intake had a very strong relationship with hydration status (p=<0.001;r=0.952) and learning concentration (p=<0.001;r=560). Conclusions: Adolescents’ learning concentration during participation in online learning at home has a relationship with breakfast habits and fluid intake. The better the breakfast habits and fluid intake levels of adolescents, the better the learning concentration. © 2021